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(part 4 of 4 about the scientific basis of Free Energy. 
Free Energy is gonna be a discovery so great it will change the world 
(provided the Government Controllers can be defeated). But before we can 
defeat them. We must know what we are dealing with. - Lorr.)

Solid-State Energy Devices and Their inventors
by Jeanne Manning

"Imagine a world in which endless, nonpolluting, and virtually free
energy powers our cities, cars, and homes." -Owen Davies, Science
writer

"Our electrical company tells us that the only two practical choices
for their power are coal or nuclear. There is another alternative.
-Wingate Lambertson, Inventor

In this chapter, we'll meet three of the leading North American
inventors of solid-state energy devices, or devices that use no moving
parts. These inventors are only three of many.

These men have diverse backgrounds and personalities. In California, a
scientist described by Omni magazine as a star in the electronics
field works in a high-tech private laboratory funded by financial
backers. In Florida, a former government official pays for his
research out of his retirement savings, and makes discoveries in his
garage. In Canada, a self-described eccentric, well-known in Japan but
unknown in his own country, cooks up a crystal-based energy device in
a tiny kitche - using ordinary rocks.

What these inventors have in common is a zest for exploring. Their
work on the leading edge of energy science holds promise for the
development of small-scale, quiet but powerful converters devices
that convert space energy into useable electric power.
                
THE CHARGE CLUSTERS OF KEN SHOULDERS

Solid-State Energy Devices and Their Inventors

Ken Shoulders,Ph.D., a tall, solidly built man, wears the expression
of someone not inclined toward ordinary concerns. He is a discoverer
on the frontier, and lets others worry about whether his findings fit
into the accepted boundaries of scientific theory.

In the early 1960s, Shoulders developed much of today's microcircuit
technology. Now, he is working on an even more advanced concept: the
high-density charge cluster. It is a concept that holds great promise
in the space-energy field, since these donut-shaped, microscopic
clusters put out more than thirty times the energy required to produce
them.

Shoulders spent decades doing work in various institutions, wherever
he had a chance to learn more about science and to try things out.
This work included nonteaching staff positions at universities such as
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in laboratories such as
Stanford Research Institute, and in private corporations. Along the
way, Shoulders accumulated the equipment he needed to set up his own
laboratory, which he did in 1968.
                
Like Nikola lesla, the father of new energy we met in Chapter 2,
Shoulders made a discovery that could render his previous work in
microcircuit technology obsolete. It was a discovery made by accident.

Around 1980, Shoulders was introduced by physicists at the Stevens
Institute In Hoboken, New Jersey, to strange strings of particleswhat
scientists call vortex filaments. After working on them for awhile,
Shoulders found that they weren't strings at all, being about as broad
as they were long. They showed up as strings on the instruments of
most researchers because the researchers could never stop the motion
of these extremely fast-moving blobs. When Shoulders learned how to
get clear pictures of the blobs , he found they were little beadlike
structures. The simplest name for them is charge cluster, although
Shoulders calls them Electrum Validum, a name that means "strong
charge."

What Is a Charge Cluster?

The basic idea  of a charge cluster is rather simple. It is a tightly
packed cluster of about 100 million electrons, an electron being the
part of an atom that revolves around the nucleus. Shoulders has been
able to create conditions under which electrons break free from their
nuclei and join together into remarkably stable little ring-shaped
clusters, like tiny donuts. "It is the wildest electronic effect you 
will ever see," Shoulders says, calling his creations "little engines
of vast complexity that just don't die!"

As simple as the charge cluster is, conventional science has a hard
time accepting its existence. That's because it violates a law of

physics: "Like electrical charges, either negative or positive,
repel." Since all electrons carry a negative charge, conventional
science says that they should not cluster.

Hal Puthoff, whom we met in Chapter 4, has worked with charge
clusters, and thinks that the force which holds them together is the
result of an effect named after Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir. The
Casimir effect refers to the tendency for two perfectly smooth metal
surfaces placed near each other to come closer together. Puthoff
explains the effect this way: imagine two metal plates hovering in
space, close to each other. Because the plates shield each other from
space energy coming from one direction, t he space energy pressing in
on each plate from the opposite direction would slam the two of them
together, releasing energy as heat.

Shoulders uses the Casimir effect to pinch a cold plasmaa special
form of gas that conducts electricityto create heat and charge
clusters. The electricity he uses is static electricity, the
electricity in the spark that snaps from a doorknob if you drag your
feet across a carpet. In Shoulders's system, this electricity provides
the electrons that make up the cluster. It is, essentially, an
electric charge compressed into a visible form.
                
What inspires Shoulders's awe about these tiny entities is that they
almost seem to have an intelligence about themthey are
selforganizing. The clusters appear to form into various sizes, but
are uniform in organization and behavior. They often look like a ring
or a necklace of tiny donuts. "It's some law of nature that's just not
spelled out for us yet," Shoulders says.

Shoulders discovered the link between charge clusters and space energy
when he tried to find out what could supply the large amounts of
energy needed to make electrons overcome their tendency to repel one
another and join into tightly packed clusters. Their high energy makes
charge clusters very powerfulthey can bore holes through ceramic tile
without losing strength. Because of the Casimir effect, space energy
appears to fit the evidence from Shoulders's experiments as a likely
source of this energy.

As futuristic as this technology seems, Shoulders has been able to
convince a tough customer of its valuethe United States Patent
Office. While past attempts to base a patent on space energy have been
unsuccessful, Shoulders has broken through with a 1991 patent titled,
"Energy Conversion Using High Charge Density." It is a milestonethe
first successful patent to say that space energy can be used as a
source of practical electric energy.

Charge Clusters and Commercial Products

Now working with his son, Steve, Ken Shoulders continues to make
breakthroughs. What Shoulders sees under the microscope is another
world, hinting of future machines that will be thousands of times more
powerful than our current machines.

Charge-cluster technology could be one of the first space-energy
technologies to be commercialized. Unlike some of the other
spaceenergy inventions, charge clusters do not need magnetic fields or
low temperatures to work. One new-energy writer says the charge
cluster may be one of the most promising areas of research since the
transistor.

Providing abundant clean energy is not the only thing that charge
clusters can do. There is a whole range of possible products based on
charge-cluster technology, according to Puthoff, who lists a few of
the products besides energy devices that could result from
developments in this field:

* High-resolution television screens flat enough to hang on a wall.

* Notebook computers more powerful than the largest mainframe.

* Tiny X-ray machines that can enter the body and kill cancer cells 
without harming surrounding tissues.

While the Shoulders team makes advances in the laboratory, a private
firm with the necessary product-placement know-how makes plans in the
marketplace. This firm will ensure that chargecluster technology can

be licensed worldwide for eventual development into a number of
products.

THE CERMET OF WINGATE LAMBERTSON

In Florida, Wingate Lambertson, Ph.D., lights a row of lamps in his
garage using what he says is electricity taken from the energy of
space. It took years for Lambertson, a former director of Kentucky's

Science and Technology Commission, to overcome his academic skepticism
about claims that you could get something for nothingyet energy
freely available from space could be tapped for useful work.

After getting his doctorate from Rutgers University, Lambertson works
for United States Steel in Chicago before going into the United States
Navy. After going back to Rutgers for more postgraduate work, he
joined Argonne National Laboratory, where he worked on nuclear fuel
technology.

Then Lambertson discovered the large body of space-energy literature
that has been written by researchers in the field. Eventually, he came
to believe that something similar to an nether - the basic stuff Of
the universe discussed in Chapter Could exist, and that where
collected, it could be used to make electricity.

After more than two decades of research and experimentation,
Lambertson -is certain that space energy can be turned into a
practical power source through a process he calls World Into Neutrinos
(WIN). He envisions it being engineered into units that will probably
be set outside the home on a small concrete pad, like central air
conditioning units are now, and wired into the home's master electric
switchbox. The price? About $3,000 for either sale or lease cheaper
than buying or leasing a car.


The WIN Process and Cermet

The most important part of the WIN process is Lambertson's E-dam, and
the most interesting component in the E-dam is cermet. Cermet is a
heat-resistant ceramic-and-metal composite invented in 1948 and
considered by NASA for rocket nozzles and jet-engine turbine blades.
Lambertson, who spent almost his entire career working with advanced
ceramics, is experimenting to develop the best cermet for his device.
The E-dam contains a plate of cermet formed into a round spacer about
three inches in diameter, sandwic hed between metal plates of the same
size.

The process starts with an electrical chargebasically, a stream of
electronsfrom a standard power supply. The charge flows into the
E-dam, where it is held in the cermet: "It stores electrons like a
[regular] dam stores water," Lambertson says. When the dam is opened,
the electrons are released. As they accelerate, the falling electrons
gain energy from the space energy that is present in the E-dam. This
gain in energy is what allows the device to put out more power than it
takes in.

The current of electrons then flows into the device to be powered,
such as a lamp, and then moves into another E-dam for recycling.
Lambertson says there is no way for the process to become dangerous -
if too much power were generated, the E-dams would overheat, shutting
down the system.

For years, Lambertson was more interested in proving that the process
gained energy than in the actual amount of energy gained, since he
thought scaling up the process to higher efficiencies would be a
relatively simple engineering problem. When his first of three patent
applications was rejected, he saw it as a blessing because it forced
him to study the space-energy literature more carefully. By the fall
of 1994, he had improved the process to the point where it put out
twice as much energy as it started with.

Lambertson Finds Help

Meanwhile, Lamberston was having a frustrating time in trying to find
funding and marketing help. Responses to his proposals usually fell
into one of two categories:

* "This will not work, your calculations are in error."


* "You get it working and free of all technical problems, and we will
take it off your hands."

He learned, as have other inventors in this book, that it's a waste of
time to try to convince people of the validity of one's claims when
those people don't want to listen. But he did find support in 1987,

when he spoke at a new-energy conference in Germany. There, he found
people who saw the need for his invention and agreed to market it when
the WIN process is perfected.

Lambertson says that he now has active associates in Switzerland, in
addition to interest shown by the United States Navy. Three different
groups have shown interest in taking over and developing the WIN
method.

THE DIRT CHEAP ROCKS OF JOHN HUTCHISON

If you ask the other residents of a certain apartment building in
Vancouver, they may admit to being curious about John Hutchison. They
see a tall, muscular man who carts old consoles of electronic
equipment onto the elevator nearly every week. Their curiosity
increased the day a Japanese television crew showed up and disappeared
inside his apartment for a few hours. And in the summer of 1995,
Hutchison further puzzled onlookers by sitting on the curb and picking
out stones,  Why would a rockhound sort through ordinary street rocks?

What the neighbors do not know is that John Hutchison is well-known in
new-energy circles, and is even known to some who move in the circles
of established science. His visitors have included distinguished
physicists. But unlike Shoulders and Lambertson, he is a self-taught
scientist. As a boy in Vancouver, he read about Nikola Tesla (see
Chapter 2) and then startled neighbors with Tesla coil experiments in
his backyard.

While in his twenties, he developed a medical problem that resulted in
his living on a small disability pension. For years, he lived a
generally reclusive life, digging for rare electrical equipment in
military surplus stores and junkyards, and carrying his finds home on
the city bus. Apart from time spent as a volunteer at a local ecology
center, he spent hours in his bedroom-turned-laboratory, patiently
rebuilding equipment. He considered opening a museum.

Antigravity and the Hutchison Effect

Hutchison's life changed drastically in 1979 when, upon starting up an
array of high-voltage equipment, he felt something hit his shoulder.
He threw the piece of metal back to where it seemed to have
originated, and it flew up and hit him again. This was how he
originally discovered the Hutchison effect. When his Tesla coils,
electrostatic generator, and other equipment created a complex
electromagnetic field, heavy pieces of metal levitated and shot toward
the ceiling, and some pieces shredded.

What is the Hutchison effect? As with much of the new-energy field, no
one can say for sure. Some theorists think the effect is the result of
opposing electromagnetic fields cancelling each other out, creating a
powerful flow of space energy.

A Vancouver businessman heard about the Hutchison effect, contacted
Hutchison, and brought in a consulting engineer to form a company that
would promote technology developed from the effect. Despite
demonstrations to potential customers from both Canada and the United
States, things did not work out, and Hutchison and the company parted
ways in 1986.

After a couple of other abortive business tries, including a sojourn
in Germany, Hutchison returned to Vancouver in late 1990 and again
lived a relatively reclusive life. Piece by piece, he sold what
remained of his laboratory equipment in order to pay his bills. It
would be several years before he could reestablish his collection.

Hutchison wanted to connect with other researchers, but the local
media had given his work the weird-science treatment, and didn't take
him seriously. However, material on the Hutchison effect was included
in a Japanese book on Hutchison's life and work that sold well in
Japan. Living in a country with almost no natural resources has led
the Japanese to take new-energy ideas very seriously, as we will see in 
Chapter 8.

As a result, Hutchison was asked to speak in Japan, where thousands of
people paid to attend his two lecture tours. These tours were
organized by Hiroshi Yamabe, a well-known Tesla lecturer who made his
fortune in such advanced engineering fields as robotics and artificial

intelligence. Yamabe offered to set up a laboratory for Hutchison, but
the Canadian was ambivalent about the prospect of moving to Japan.

Beyond the Hutchison Effect: The Dirt Cheap Energy Converter

Hutchison was undecided about what to do. He had moved beyond the
Hutchison effect and into the field of space energy, and had acquired
a Canadian business manager. The winter before his 1995 Japanese tour,
Hutchison built a working space energy device about the size of a
microwave oven. The Hutchison Converter was based on Tesla's resonance
principle. Tesla demonstrated this principle by steadily pulsing
bursts of energy into his electric coils, each burst coming before
energy from the previous burst had t ime to die away. This led to
higher and higher amounts of energy, like a child going higher and
higher on a swing.

Hutchison captured the same pulsing, rhythmic energy by using crystals
of barium titanate, a material that can capture the pulses of certain
electromagnetic frequencies in the way that a radio can pick up
certain radio frequencies. When the crystal pulses, or resonates, it
produces electric power.

I saw a demonstration in which the converter put out six watts, enough
to power a motor that kept a small propeller spinning furiously. The
whirring of a tiny propeller looked rather silly, until one realized
that the apparatus contained no batteries, no fuel, and no connection
to a power outlet It worked continuously for months.

One day while experimenting, however, Hutchison cracked a crucial part
and decided to take the unit apart.

He built a smaller, more portable model to take on his speaking tour.
Resembling an Oscar statue in size and shape, the portable converter
put out slightly more than a watt of power. It lit a tiny lamp as a
demonstration and also ran a small motor.

At the end of the tour, in front of an audience of about 500 Hiroshima
residents, Hutchison slapped the device onto a table lit by the bright
lights of a television crew. He quickly unscrewed all the parts and
revealed its inner details, while the camera zoomed in for a closeup
and a pair of chopsticks provided a scale to show the size of the
device. It was clear that the converter contained no batteries.
Afterward, men crowded around Hutchison, offering him their business
cards and asking him to sell them a supply of barium titanate.

Back home, Hutchison's business advisor fretted that the inventor had
given away his secrets. But Hutchison shrugged his shoulders; he had
gone beyond the prototype technology he had taken to Japan. He now had
a new secret - the stovetop process he called Dirt Cheap because the
ingredients included common rocks.

The new process grew out of his use of barium titanate.. He wondered,
"Why can't I make a material that works even better?" Hutchison knew
that other researchers had put electrodes on certain rocks to show
that the rocks generated a tiny electric current, somehow soaked up
from the cosmos.

So Hutchison sorted through small stones on the street in front of his
apartment and threw them into a test tube-sized metal container. Next,
he added a mixture of low-cost, common chemicalshe won't reveal which
onesand put this rock soup on the stove to simmer. This allowed water
to evaporate and tiny pockets of air to rise from the stones so that
the chemicals could enter them. Before the mixture cooled into a
solid, he added specially treated posts to draw electricity from the
crystal-like substance th at had formed. Again, no one is entirely
sure as to how the Dirt Cheap method works, although one physicist
told Hutchison that the Casimir effect, used by Ken Shoulders to
create charge clusters, may be at work (see page 61).

When he first discovered his Dirt Cheap process, Hutchison didn't
bother to patent it. He had heard from other inventors how their
laboratories had been vandalized and their property had been stolen
once the Patent Office had been notified, and he was not eager to be

the first inventor to take a bold step by manufacturing a large home-
or factory-sized unit that could restructure industries. Besides, in
the 1980s - when he was still working with the Hutchison effect - he
had received a few threatening comme nts from strangers.

How could Hutchisonn enjoy his peaceful life and still get a space
energy product to the public in a low-key manner? He says he has hit
upon an unusual strategy: building miniature flying saucers powered by
Dirt Cheap-supplied electricity, and selling them as space-energy
children's toys. Hutchison hopes an environmentally safe toy that
lights up without batteries will intrigue the public into buying Dirt
Cheap devices that could power large appliances. And perhaps, the Dirt
Cheap process could help lead to a world of nonpolluting new energy.


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